by Harvey Schwartz MD
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April 20, 2025
<p dir="ltr">“The theme that I found with IPSO [International Psychoanalytical Studies Organization] was that there was a common theme [in psychoanalytic training]. There was an initial phase full of terror and excitement, and then a middle phase of maybe some lethargy or apathy or disillusionment. In that middle phase, many candidates found IPSO, or IPSO found them, where they found refuge. They found solace. They found community, not just at their local institutes, but at this kind of world market. Many of the candidates talk about what a timely and wonderful experience it was to be seen, to be validated by fellow candidates in a way that only fellow candidates can do. At least a couple of the authors have written about how they were delighted to see that more than anything else we are similar as human beings, no matter where we're from.” </p> <p dir="ltr">Episode Description: We begin with recognizing the deep attachment that many analytic candidates have about their training experiences, which includes affections and resentments. Himanshu outlines the process of reaching out to candidates globally, inviting them to share their reflections on their journeys. We read from a sampling of their essays that eloquently describe their idealizations and de-idealizations, their delights and their burdens, their profound regard for the mysteries of the mind and the appreciation of the power of psychoanalysis to engage with it. We discuss the importance of IPSO, the difficulties associated with Covid and the relevance of our field's traumatic origins. Himanshu closes with sharing his story of encountering an insightful analytic supervisor during his residency and declaring "I want to be like him."</p> <p dir="ltr">Linked Episode:<a href= "https://ipaoffthecouch.org/2021/07/11/episode-89-wisdom-and-enthusiasm-for-todays-candidates-with-fred-busch-phd/">Episode 89: Wisdom and Enthusiasm for Today’s Candidates with Fred Busch, PhD</a></p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Our Guest: Himanshu Agrawal, MD is an adult and child psychiatrist and recently completed psychoanalytic training through the Minnesota Psychoanalytic Institute. He is an associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee where he sees patients, conducts research, and teaches. He recently completed his term as the president of the candidates’ council of the American Psychoanalytic Association</p> <p dir="ltr">Recommended Readings:</p> <p dir="ltr">Busch F (Ed), <a href= "https://www.amazon.com/Dear-Candidate-Reflections-Psychoanalytic-Profession/dp/0367617625"> Dear candidate</a>. Routledge, 2020</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Agrawal H, <a href= "https://apsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/TAP-WinterSpring2022_561_Hyperlinked.pdf"> Trials and Tribulations of being a candidate</a>. The American Psychoanalyst, winter 2022</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p><strong id= "docs-internal-guid-24b04434-7fff-1501-7d8c-1056350230d1">Kernberg O, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8933224/">Thirty methods to destroy the creativity of psychoanalytic candidates.</a> International Journal of psychoanalysis, 77, 1031- 1040</strong></p>
April 6, 2025
<p dir="ltr">“When we reconstruct [in a patient] a possible lacking object or role or function, we see that if the analyst himself has been able and the patient allowing him to be able to enter to a deep level the objective reality of the internal world of the patient, it can happen that some new function or position can be achieved. This is something that could be rare but it happens. This is one more reason for not blaming the length of some analytic treatments, because time is needed for entering that internal deep area where the analytic relation can create something new. Transformation is also one of the words that in our analytic world became more and more common and utilized because we have achieved the certainty that there can be a transformation. Not only an understanding or a clarification, but also a transformation of the quality of the objective world and of the relation with it.” </p> <p dir="ltr">Episode Description: We begin by describing the differences in psychoanalytic approaches today as compared to past generations. This shift has occurred alongside changes in patients' concerns; currently, individuals are disproportionately preoccupied with how they perceive themselves through others' eyes, rather than grappling with internal conflicts related to guilt. Stefano posits that this increased narcissistic investment stems from alterations in family structures and premature disruptions in "the physiological fusionality" with the early maternal caretaker. We discuss how this sense of distrust in the availability and reliability of caretakers affects the manner in which one introduces a patient into analysis, as well as the broader cultural emphasis on superficial bodily care - what he terms the aperitif experience. We consider the fundamental importance of the depth of object relations in understanding sexual diversities. Stefano concludes by reading the final paragraph from his book, which acknowledges the invaluable lessons learned from his analyst. We reflect on the enduring presence within him of this profoundly personal connection.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Linked Episodes: <a href= "https://ipaoffthecouch.org/2023/08/06/episode-140-are-patients-different-today-with-stefano-bolognini-md-bologna/"> Episode 140: Are Patients Different Today? with Stefano Bolognini, MD (Bologna)</a></p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">https://youtu.be/rjzpA8QZrWk?si=Srf_Tuxt0zTpsKNK</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Our Guest: Stefano Bolognini, MD, is a psychiatrist and training and supervising analyst of the Italian Psychoanalytic Society (SPI), where he served as president (2009-2013). He also was an IPA Board member (2002-2012) and was IPA president from 2013-2017. He was a member of the European Editorial Board of the International Journal of Psychoanalysis and a founder of the IPA Inter-Regional Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. He has published over 280 psychoanalytic papers, and his books on empathy and on the inter-psychic dimension have been translated into several languages. </p> <p dir="ltr">Recommended Readings:</p> <p dir="ltr">Bolognini, Stefano -</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Secret Passages. <a href= "https://www.amazon.com/Secret-Passages-Technique-Interpsychic-Psychoanalysis/dp/0415555124"> The Theory and Technique of the Interpsychic Relations.</a> IPA New Library, Routledge, London, 2010</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.amazon.com/Vital-Between-Non-Self-Library-Psychoanalysis/dp/1032132973"> https://www.amazon.com/Vital-Between-Non-Self-Library-Psychoanalysis/dp/1032132973</a>, Routledge, London, 2022</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21387998/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21387998/</a> Psychoanal. Quart., vol. LXXX, 1, 33-54, 2012.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.academia.edu/65733454/Enchantments_and_disenchantments_in_the_formation_and_use_of_psychoanalytic_theories_about_psychic_reality?hb-g-sw=65733406"> Enchantments and disenchantments in the formation and use of psychoanalytic theories about psychic reality.</a> The Italian Psychoanalytic Annual, 13, 11-24, July 2019.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003340744-4/new-forms-psychopathology-changing-world-stefano-bolognini"> New forms of psychopathology in a changing world: a challenge for psychoanalysis in the twenty-first century.</a> The Italian Psychoanalytic Annual, 2020.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003301936-6/reflections-institutional-family-analyst-proposing-fourth-pillar-education-stefano-bolognini"> Reflections on the institutional Family of the Analyst and proposing a “fourth Pillar” for Education.</a> Opportunities and problems of transferal dynamics in the training pathway“. In Living and containing Psychoanalysis in Institutions. Psychoanalysts Working Together, edited by Gabriele Junkers, 89-104, Taylor & Francis, 2022.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00332828.2022.2118502"> From What to How : A Conversational with Stefano Bolognini on Emotional Attunement by Luca Nicoli & Stefano Bolognini.</a> The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 91 : 3, 443-477, 2022.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00332828.2022.2118505"> The Interpsychic, the Interpersonal, and the Intersubjective: Response to Steven H. Goldberg’s Discussion.</a> The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 91:3, 489-494, 2022.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://talksonpsychoanalysis.podbean.com/e/hidden-unconscious-buried-unconscious-implicit-unconscious-stefano-bolognini/"> Hidden unconscious, buried unconscious, implicit unconscious.</a> The Italian Psychoanalytic Annual, 16, 87-102, 2022.</p> <p> </p>
March 23, 2025
<p dir="ltr">“The original papers that were written about the analyst’s unconscious being attuned to the patient's unconscious by Hyman and Racker, in both cases they talk about this phenomenon. But both of them utter a caution, which is that one always has to take into account one's own ‘mishegas’. Essentially, what they're saying is, the unconscious is pretty individualistic and we have our own things, and we have to consider that possibly it's our own difficulties, our own unconscious, that is playing a bigger role in our countertransference reaction to the patient's unconscious.”</p> <p dir="ltr">Episode Description: We begin by discussing the meaning of the many italics throughout the book and my sense of their being an expression of Fred's wish to be carefully understood. This is part of our conversation where we examine how internal reactions are used to comprehend another person's mind. There are a number of themes to this work, and to Fred's contributions over the years, which focus on helping individuals understand the way their mind works, as distinct from the particular contents of their mind. One of the gifts of psychoanalysis is to facilitate patient's discovery of the freedom to think which allows for a post-termination capacity for self-analysis. We discuss how self-criticism can serve as an unconscious lifeline, the importance of attending to the need for silence as distinct from what is not being said and the seductiveness of gossip, to name but a few of the topics in the book that we cover. Fred closes by describing "The wonderful thing about being a psychoanalyst is there are always things to learn and ways to grow."</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Our Guest: Fred Busch, Ph.D. is a Training and Supervising Analyst at the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute. He has published eight books, and over 80 articles on psychoanalytic technique, along with many book reviews and chapters in books. His work has been translated into many languages, and he has been invited to present over 180 papers and clinical workshops nationally and internationally. His last six books are: Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind (2014); The Analyst’s Reveries: Explorations in Bion’s Enigmatic Concept (2019); Dear Candidate: Analyst From Around the World Offer Personal Reflections on Psychoanalytic Training, Education, and the Profession (2020); A Fresh Look at Psychoanalytic Technique (2021), Psychoanalysis at the Crossroads: An International Perspective (2023).The Ego and Id: 100 years later (2023), How Does Analysis Cure? (2024).</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Recommended Readings:</p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2014). <a href= "https://www.amazon.com/Creating-Psychoanalytic-Mind-psychoanalytic-method/dp/0415629055?utm_source=chatgpt.com"> Creating a Psychoanalytic Mind: A Psychoanalytic</a></p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.amazon.com/Creating-Psychoanalytic-Mind-psychoanalytic-method/dp/0415629055?utm_source=chatgpt.com"> Method and Theory</a>. London: Routledge.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2019). <a href= "https://www.amazon.com/Analysts-Reveries-Explorations-Enigmatic-Concept/dp/0367134179?utm_source=chatgpt.com"> The Analyst’s Reveries: Explorations in Bion’s</a></p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.amazon.com/Analysts-Reveries-Explorations-Enigmatic-Concept/dp/0367134179?utm_source=chatgpt.com"> Enigmatic Concept.</a> London: Routledge.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2021). <a href= "https://www.routledge.com/Creating-a-Psychoanalytic-Mind-A-psychoanalytic-method-and-theory/Busch/p/book/9780415629058?srsltid=AfmBOooDYbLJwZ2m4oblZ1y9mDUgLFQPWqkKjJ9_06BgUBIAStaE0vrE&utm_source=chatgpt.com"> A Fresh Look at Psychoanalytic Technique: Selected</a></p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://www.routledge.com/Creating-a-Psychoanalytic-Mind-A-psychoanalytic-method-and-theory/Busch/p/book/9780415629058?srsltid=AfmBOooDYbLJwZ2m4oblZ1y9mDUgLFQPWqkKjJ9_06BgUBIAStaE0vrE&utm_source=chatgpt.com"> papers on Psychoanalysis</a>. Routledge: London.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2023) <a href= "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38127480/">The Significance of the Ego in “The Ego</a></p> <p dir="ltr"><a href= "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38127480/">and the Id” and its Unfulfilled Promise</a>. International Journal of</p> <p dir="ltr">Psychoanalysis 104:1077-1090.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2000). <a href= "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10808479/">What is a deep interpretation?</a> J. Amer. Psychoanal.Assn., 48:238-254.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2005). <a href= "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15766035/">Conflict Theory/Trauma Theory</a>. Psychoanal.Q., 74: 27-46.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2006). <a href= "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17130078/">A shadow concept. Int.J.Psychoanal</a>.,87: 1471-1485. Also appearing as Un oncerto ombra, Psycoanalisi, 11:5-26.</p> <p dir="ltr"> </p> <p dir="ltr">Busch, F. (2015). <a href= "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26173879/">Our Vital Profession</a>*. Int. J. Psycho-Anal.,</p> <p dir="ltr">96(3):553-568. Reprinted in Busch, F. (2015). La nostra</p> <p dir="ltr">professione vitale. Rivista Psicoanal., 61(2):435-456; Busch, F. (2015). Nuestra profesión vital*. Int. J. Psycho-Anal. Es., 1(3):605-627; Busch, F. (2015). Nuestra profesión vital1. Rev. Psicoanál. Asoc. Psico. Madrid, 75:131-153.</p> <p> </p>
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