<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"> 大提琴,为西洋乐器,是管弦乐队中必不可少的次中音或低音弦乐器,属提琴族乐器里的下中音乐器。大提琴音色浑厚丰满,具有开朗的性格,擅长演奏抒情的旋律,表达深沉而复杂的感情,也与低音提琴共同担负和声的低音声部,有"音乐贵妇"之称。<br /> 大提琴最初在意大利语中被拼作Violoncello,后来逐渐简写为Cello。 大提琴以其热烈而丰富的音色著称,是交响乐队中最常见的乐器之一。适合扮演各种角色: 有时加入低音阵营,在低声部发出沉重的叹息;有时则以中间两根弦起到节奏中坚的作用。<br /> 大提琴最为辉煌的时刻,要数作曲家赋予其表现如歌的旋律的使命。整个大提琴组奏出的美妙的旋律,足以令交响乐队中的任何其他乐器都相形见绌。</p><span><br /></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;">历史</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;"> 大提琴的历史可以追溯到16世纪末,最早出现于约1660年。是一种叫作“低音维奥尔琴”或“膝间维奥尔琴”(Viola degamba)的15世纪的乐器演变而来。维奥尔琴的体积不像大提琴那么大,弧形也不那么明显,但演奏时可以夹在两膝之间,像大提琴那样用弓拉奏。</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;"> 在1845年左右,由阿德里安·塞尔韦(AdrienFrançoisServais 1807-1866)为大提琴添加了可调整的尾柱,使大提琴在演奏中更加稳定。在这之前,大提琴是没有尾柱的,是由演奏者夹在两腿之间来演奏。</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;"> 自17世纪大提琴家多曼尼科·加布里埃利(Domenico Gabrielli)创作了第一首大提琴独奏曲以来,已有不少作曲家专门为大提琴创作乐曲,如18世纪的维瓦尔第、塔尔蒂尼和莱奥等作曲家,都曾模仿小提琴协奏曲而为大提琴写了不少协奏曲。后来在英国、奥地利与法国等地也相继出现了意大利风格的大提琴协奏曲及其他乐曲。至于18、19世纪的古典主义与浪漫主义作曲大师们,如海顿、莫扎特、贝多芬、舒伯特、舒曼、德沃夏克以及柴科夫斯基等,也都大量写作了大提琴独奏曲、协奏曲和有大提琴声部的室内乐,使这一乐器的性能与技巧得到了充分的发挥。其中最常演奏的有巴赫的六首无伴奏大提琴组曲、博凯里尼协奏曲、六首奏鸣曲。</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;"> 海顿的D大调与C大调协奏曲、勃拉姆斯为小提琴与大提琴谱写的a小调协奏曲、舒曼的协奏曲、德沃夏克的协奏曲、柴可夫斯基的《罗可可主题变奏曲》、圣·桑的协奏曲等等。其他如拉洛、埃尔加、柯达伊、兴德米特等近、现代作曲家亦创作了许多优秀的大提琴乐曲,深受人们的喜爱。</p><span><br /></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;">结构<br /> 大提琴琴长约为小提琴的两倍,全长约120公分,琴弓稍粗且短,定弦比中提琴低八度。<br />使用材质:<br /> 琴身:木制结构,以槭木和云杉为原材料配合制造的音色最佳;<br /> 琴弦:金属丝;<br /> 琴弓:马尾。<br /><br /></p><br /><br /><span><br /></span><br /><br />
Language
🇨🇳
Publishing Since
2/7/2022
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February 5, 2023
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July 12, 2022
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July 12, 2022
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