<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"> 《古文观止》是由清代吴楚材、吴调侯编选,吴兴祚审定的历代散文总集,康熙三十三年(1694年)编定,次年刊刻书成。<br /> 该书共十二卷,按时代先后为序,选录上起先秦、下迄明末的散文、骈文二百二十篇,涵盖各个时代、各个作家、各种体裁风格的名篇佳作。<br /> 该书选文精当,评点中肯,体例清晰,成为自清以来三百多年时间里流传最广的一部古文选本,鲁迅先生评其与《昭明文选》一样,在文学上的影响不可轻视。<br /><br /></p>
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🇨🇳
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1/9/2023
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August 7, 2024
<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">讳辩</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">唐代-韩愈</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"> 愈与李贺书,劝贺举进士。贺举进士有名,与贺争名者毁之,曰贺父名晋肃,贺不举进士为是,劝之举者为非。听者不察也,和而唱之,同然一辞。皇甫湜曰:“若不明白,子与贺且得罪。”愈曰:“然。”<br> 律曰:“二名不偏讳。”释之者曰:“谓若言‘征’不称‘在’,言‘在’不称‘征’是也。”律曰:“不讳嫌名。”释之者曰:“谓若‘禹’与‘雨’、‘丘’与‘蓲’之类是也。”今贺父名晋肃,贺举进士,为犯二名律乎?为犯嫌名律乎?父名晋肃,子不得举进士,若父名仁,子不得为人乎?夫讳始于何时?作法制以教天下者,非周公孔子欤?周公作诗不讳,孔子不偏讳二名,《春秋》不讥不讳嫌名,康王钊之孙,实为昭王。曾参之父名晳,曾子不讳昔。周之时有骐期,汉之时有杜度,此其子宜如何讳?将讳其嫌遂讳其姓乎?将不讳其嫌者乎?汉讳武帝名彻为通,不闻又讳车辙之辙为某字也;讳吕后名雉为野鸡,不闻又讳治天下之治为某字也。今上章及诏,不闻讳浒、势、秉、机也。惟宦官宫妾,乃不敢言谕及机,以为触犯。士君子言语行事,宜何所法守也?今考之于经,质之于律,稽之以国家之典,贺举进士为可邪?为不可邪?<br> 凡事父母,得如曾参,可以无讥矣;作人得如周公孔子,亦可以止矣。今世之士,不务行曾参周公孔子之行,而讳亲之名,则务胜于曾参周公孔子,亦见其惑也。夫周公孔子曾参卒不可胜,胜周公孔子曾参,乃比于宦者宫妾,则是宦者宫妾之孝于其亲,贤于周公孔子曾参者邪?</p><span><br></span><br>
August 7, 2024
<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">讳辩</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">唐代-韩愈</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"> 愈与李贺书,劝贺举进士。贺举进士有名,与贺争名者毁之,曰贺父名晋肃,贺不举进士为是,劝之举者为非。听者不察也,和而唱之,同然一辞。皇甫湜曰:“若不明白,子与贺且得罪。”愈曰:“然。”<br> 律曰:“二名不偏讳。”释之者曰:“谓若言‘征’不称‘在’,言‘在’不称‘征’是也。”律曰:“不讳嫌名。”释之者曰:“谓若‘禹’与‘雨’、‘丘’与‘蓲’之类是也。”今贺父名晋肃,贺举进士,为犯二名律乎?为犯嫌名律乎?父名晋肃,子不得举进士,若父名仁,子不得为人乎?夫讳始于何时?作法制以教天下者,非周公孔子欤?周公作诗不讳,孔子不偏讳二名,《春秋》不讥不讳嫌名,康王钊之孙,实为昭王。曾参之父名晳,曾子不讳昔。周之时有骐期,汉之时有杜度,此其子宜如何讳?将讳其嫌遂讳其姓乎?将不讳其嫌者乎?汉讳武帝名彻为通,不闻又讳车辙之辙为某字也;讳吕后名雉为野鸡,不闻又讳治天下之治为某字也。今上章及诏,不闻讳浒、势、秉、机也。惟宦官宫妾,乃不敢言谕及机,以为触犯。士君子言语行事,宜何所法守也?今考之于经,质之于律,稽之以国家之典,贺举进士为可邪?为不可邪?<br> 凡事父母,得如曾参,可以无讥矣;作人得如周公孔子,亦可以止矣。今世之士,不务行曾参周公孔子之行,而讳亲之名,则务胜于曾参周公孔子,亦见其惑也。夫周公孔子曾参卒不可胜,胜周公孔子曾参,乃比于宦者宫妾,则是宦者宫妾之孝于其亲,贤于周公孔子曾参者邪?</p><span><br></span><br>
August 4, 2024
<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">圬者王承福传</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">唐代-韩愈</p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"> 圬之为技贱且劳者也。有业之,其色若自得者。听其言,约而尽。问之,王其姓。承福其名。世为京兆长安农夫。天宝之乱,发人为兵。持弓矢十叁年,有官勋,弃之来归。丧其土田,手衣食,馀叁十年。舍于市之主人,而归其屋食之当焉。视时屋食之贵贱,而上下其圬之以偿之;有馀,则以与道路之废疾饿者焉。<br> 又曰:“粟,稼而生者也;若市与帛。必蚕绩而后成者也;其他所以养生之具,皆待人力而后完也;吾皆赖之。然人不可遍为,宜乎各致其能以相生也。故君者,理我所以生者也;而百官者,承君之化者也。任有大小,惟其所能,若器皿焉。食焉而怠其事,必有天殃,故吾不敢一日舍镘以嬉。夫镘易能,可力焉,又诚有功;取其直虽劳无愧,吾心安焉夫力易强而有功也;心难强而有智也。用力者使于人,用心者使人,亦其宜也。吾特择其易为无傀者取焉。<br> “嘻!吾操镘以入富贵之家有年矣。有一至者焉,又往过之,则为墟矣;有再至、叁至者焉,而往过之,则为墟矣。问之其邻,或曰:“噫!刑戮也。”或曰:“身既死,而其子孙不能有也。”或曰:“死而归之官也。”吾以是观之,非所谓食焉怠其事,而得天殃者邪?非强心以智而不足,不择其才之称否而冒之者邪?非多行可愧,知其不可而强为之者邪?将富贵难守,薄宝而厚飨之者邪?抑丰悴有时,一去一来而不可常者邪?吾之心悯焉,是故择其力之可能者行焉。乐富贵而悲贫贱,我岂异于人哉?”<br> 又曰:“功大者,其所以自奉也博。妻与子,皆养于我者也;吾能薄而功小,不有之可也。又吾所谓劳力者,若立吾家而力不足,则心又劳也。”一身而二任焉,虽圣者石可为也。<br> 愈始闻而惑之,又从而思之,盖所谓“独善其身”者也。然吾有讥焉;谓其自为也过多,其为人也过少。其学杨朱之道者邪?杨之道,不肯拔我一毛而利天下。而夫人以有家为劳心,不肯一动其心以蓄其妻子,其肯劳其心以为人乎哉?虽然,其贤于世者之患不得之,而患失之者,以济其生之欲,贪邪而亡道以丧其身者,其亦远矣!又其言,有可以警余者,故余为之传而自鉴焉。</p><br>
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